Consequently, the region’s natural environment is being distressed by the consumption of huge amounts of water, the release of waste and wastewater, and the expansion of pollution-prone industries. The situation is a serious concern in the Asia–Pacific region, which is undergoing rapid economic growth. reported that the global withdrawal of domestic and industrial water increased by 77.7% with 300–1345 km 3 withdrawn over the last six decades (1950–2010) of the extracted water, 88% was ultimately returned to the system as wastewater with limited treatment. The stress has been further exacerbated by increasing water pollution. Global water resources are under immense pressure owing to increases in water demand that are due to population growth and expanded industrial and economic activity. Managing demand (i.e., lowering household consumption and exports) and shifting input suppliers (i.e., from polluters to non-polluters) are effective measures to control pollution for Categories I and II, respectively clean production and abatement is advised for Category III and a hybrid approach (i.e., demand management and abatement technology) is recommended for Category IV. Moreover, we categorized the sectors into four groups based on their direct and indirect BOD emission characteristics and offered appropriate policy measures for each group.
We also accounted for the indirect role of each sector in total BOD emissions.
Further, we identified the chief BOD-emitting sectors and found that intermediate demand and household demand were the major causes of BOD discharge in the economy. Using biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) as a proxy for water quality in our analysis, we estimated that 246.9 kt of BOD were produced from Bali’s economic activity in 2007. In this study, accordingly, we employed an environmentally extended input–output model to establish the links between water pollution and the production processes of the entire economy. Therefore, determining the structural relationships between water pollution and economic activity serves as an important basis for more effective forms of pollution control for the Balinese economy. However, an economy of a region/country comprises a set of sectoral activities, which are interconnected through supply chains thus, water pollution could be well explained by examining the entire sectoral economic activities and their environmental performance. Despite being paid great attention, Bali’s earlier efforts to control water pollution yet to prove effective, mainly owing to their reliance on traditional methods and regulations that focus on water pollution being linked to discrete sets of economic activity (e.g., processing industries, livestock farming, and hotels). In addition to mounting water demand, Bali’s water supply has been constrained by high levels of water pollution. This story originally appeared in Los Angeles Times.An adequate water supply is essential for the continued and sustainable growth of the Balinese economy. 17-23 along the same stretch of the eastbound 210 to finish updates on the second half of the bridge, Caltrans said.Ĭlosures are subject to change and residents should check the Caltrans Quick Map for the most recent information. A higher median will block headlights from oncoming vehicles on the opposite side of the freeway.Ĭaltrans is undergoing similar median-raising projects in other portions of the 210, near the 5 Freeway, and along Highway 101, from Hollywood to Calabasas.Ī second closure will take place Aug.
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Other updates include raising the height of the bridge railings as well as the center median, which is intended to improve visibility for drivers at night, Menjivar said. Over the past five days, work crews installed new hinges, which are a foot taller and 90 feet long and were designed to provide more flexibility to the bridge for resilience against earthquakes and pressure from everyday vehicle traffic, Menjivar said. The old hinges, which work to hold sections of the 210 bridge together, are at least 50 years old, dating back to the freeway's construction, said Eric Menjivar, a spokesperson with Caltrans. The state's Department of Transportation is in the middle of a $30-million project to replace older hinges, railings and storm drains on the portion of the freeway that hangs over the San Gabriel River as a bridge, Caltrans said. Starting late last week, motorists endured traffic logjams as repair crews shut down westbound lanes of the 210 from Irwindale Avenue to the 605 Freeway, about a six-mile stretch. The 210 Freeway in the San Gabriel Valley reopened early Tuesday morning after transportation officials cut the freeway in half over the past five days in Irwindale for bridge renovations.
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